DEYE RW Spring Series Battery Error Codes: Causes & Fixes (31 codes)

This is the complete fault table for the DEYE RW Spring Series Battery Battery family — 31 codes shared by 4 model numbers, transcribed from the official manual. On this DEYE device, a fault code means the unit has entered protection and stopped normal operation; a warning leaves it running. The exact indication (LED pattern or display code) is listed per code below.

Also coversRW-L2.5ARW-L5.1RW-L10.2RW-F16

Last checked against the official manuals on July 11, 2026.

Fault(31)— operation stops until cleared

Fault codes (31)operation stops until cleared

Cell over voltage.

Fault

A battery cell voltage has risen above the BMS over-voltage protection threshold; the code is shown on the LCD and charging is stopped to protect the cell.

CauseCell voltage exceeded the protection limit during charging - typically the inverter/PCS charge voltage is set too high for the battery, or cell imbalance pushes one cell over the limit before the pack is full.

Recommended fixStop charging and let the battery rest until cell voltages fall back into range. Check that the inverter/PCS charge-voltage and lithium-protocol settings match the battery. if the code returns on every charge, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Cell under voltage.

Fault

A battery cell voltage has fallen below the BMS under-voltage protection threshold; discharging is stopped to protect the cell.

CauseA cell voltage fell below the under-voltage protection limit - over-discharge under load, or self-discharge during long storage without recharging.

Recommended fixStop discharging and recharge the battery promptly from PV or grid. if the battery no longer wakes up or the code persists after charging, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Ultimate_Protection.

Fault

Ultimate protection - the BMS's last-resort protection tripped after a critical limit was exceeded beyond the normal recoverable protection levels.

CauseA critical parameter (voltage, current, or temperature) passed the final protection threshold, beyond the point where the normal protections can recover automatically.

Recommended fixSwitch the battery off and disconnect it; do not keep operating it. Contact Deye support before returning the battery to service.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Charge over current.

Fault

Charging current exceeded the battery's over-current protection limit and charging was interrupted.

CauseCharging current exceeded the protection limit - the inverter/PCS charge-current setting is above the battery's rating, or paralleled batteries are sharing current unevenly.

Recommended fixReduce the inverter's charge-current setting to the battery's rated value; with multiple batteries, check the power cabling is symmetrical so current shares equally, then restart the battery.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Discharge over current.

Fault

Discharge current exceeded the battery's over-current protection limit and discharging was interrupted.

CauseLoad or inverter demand exceeded the battery's rated discharge current, or a surge (e.g. motor/compressor start) tripped the protection.

Recommended fixReduce the connected load or the inverter's discharge-current limit. After the BMS recovers, confirm the steady load is within the battery's rating.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Cell over temperature.

Fault

Cell temperature rose above the protection limit; charge/discharge is stopped until the pack cools.

CauseSustained high charge/discharge current, high ambient temperature, or poor ventilation around the battery drove the cell temperature above its limit.

Recommended fixStop charging/discharging and let the battery cool. Improve ventilation and keep the battery within its rated operating temperature range.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Cell under temperature.

Fault

Cell temperature fell below the protection limit; charging is inhibited until the pack warms up.

CauseThe battery is in an environment colder than its rated charge/discharge temperature window.

Recommended fixWarm the installation space and wait for the battery to return to its operating temperature range; charging resumes once the cells are warm enough.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Cell voltage over difference.

Fault

The voltage spread between cells exceeded the allowed difference.

CauseCell imbalance from long storage, aging, or repeated partial cycling widened the voltage gap between the highest and lowest cell beyond the threshold.

Recommended fixCharge the battery fully at low current and hold it there so the BMS can balance the cells. if the difference does not close after several full charges, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Cell temperature over difference.

Fault

The temperature spread across the pack exceeded the allowed difference.

CauseUneven heating or cooling around the pack (partial exposure to a heat source or draft) or a drifting temperature sensor produced an abnormal temperature gap between cells.

Recommended fixCheck the battery is not partially exposed to a heat source or cold draft and let temperatures equalize. if the code returns with the pack evenly tempered, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Mos over temperature.

Fault

The BMS power MOSFETs exceeded their temperature limit.

CauseHigh continuous current combined with high ambient temperature or blocked ventilation overheated the BMS switching MOSFETs.

Recommended fixReduce the charge/discharge current, let the battery cool, and improve ventilation. if it recurs at moderate current, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Heating film over temperature.

Fault

The internal heating film exceeded its temperature limit.

CauseThe self-heating film ran hotter than allowed - heating control stayed on too long or its temperature sensor is misreading.

Recommended fixSwitch the battery off and let it cool. if the code returns whenever heating engages in cold weather, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

AFE-OCDL/OCD1/OCD2.

Fault

Hardware over-current discharge protection (OCD level 1/2/latch) from the BMS analog front end tripped.

CauseThe analog front-end chip detected discharge current above its hardware protection levels - a heavy surge or a short circuit on the battery terminals.

Recommended fixDisconnect the load, inspect the DC cabling for shorts, and restart the battery. if the protection trips again immediately, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

AFE communication fails.

Fault

The BMS controller lost communication with its analog front-end chip.

CauseInternal communication between the BMS microcontroller and the analog front end failed - an internal BMS board fault.

Recommended fixRestart the battery with the BMS switch. if the code persists, the BMS board needs service - contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Cell voltage sampling fails.

Fault

The cell-voltage sampling circuit returned invalid readings.

CauseA fault in the voltage-sampling harness or measurement circuit inside the pack made cell-voltage readings invalid.

Recommended fixRestart the battery. if the code persists, the pack needs internal service - contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Temperature sampling fails.

Fault

A temperature sensor returned an invalid reading.

CauseAn NTC temperature sensor is open-circuit, shorted, or disconnected inside the pack, so the BMS cannot read a valid temperature.

Recommended fixRestart the battery. if the code persists, the sensor circuit needs service - contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Mosfet short circuit.

Fault

The BMS detected that its main MOSFET switch has failed short.

CauseAn internal hardware failure - often following a severe over-current event - left the main MOSFET permanently conducting, so the BMS can no longer disconnect the pack.

Recommended fixSwitch the battery off and take it out of service; the pack can no longer be disconnected reliably. Contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

EEPROM error.

Fault

The BMS could not read or write its EEPROM memory.

CauseThe non-volatile memory holding BMS calibration and configuration failed a read/write - an internal memory fault.

Recommended fixRestart the battery. if the code persists, contact Deye support for BMS repair or replacement.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Internal communication fails.

Fault

Communication between internal BMS boards/modules was lost.

CauseThe internal data link between BMS boards or between the BMS and internal modules dropped - internal wiring or board fault.

Recommended fixRestart the battery. if the code persists, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

PCS communication fails.

Fault

The communication link between the battery and the inverter/PCS dropped.

CauseThe CAN link (500 kbps) between the battery COM port and the inverter's BMS port failed - loose or miswired cable, wrong pin order, or the wrong battery-protocol selection on the inverter.

Recommended fixCheck the communication cable from the battery COM port to the inverter's BMS port, verify the pin order against the manual, and select the correct lithium/CAN protocol on the inverter. Restart both units.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Master address repeat.

Fault

Two batteries on the communication bus are using the same (master) address.

CauseIn a multi-battery bank, more than one battery is set to the same address, so two units try to act as master on the bus.

Recommended fixSet a unique address on each battery (one master, the rest slaves) per the parallel-connection instructions, then power-cycle the bank.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Cur Limit Mos Adhesion.

Fault

The current-limiting MOSFET is stuck conducting (contact adhesion).

CauseThe BMS self-test found the current-limit MOSFET permanently conducting - a hardware failure in the current-limiting circuit.

Recommended fixSwitch the battery off and contact Deye support; the current-limit circuit needs repair.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Mos Adhesion Susp.

Fault

The BMS suspects a main MOSFET is stuck conducting.

CauseThe self-test result suggests MOSFET contact adhesion - the switch may no longer open the circuit reliably.

Recommended fixPower-cycle the battery to re-run the self-test. if the code returns, take the battery out of service and contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Heat Mos adhesion.

Fault

The heating-circuit MOSFET is stuck conducting.

CauseThe MOSFET that switches the heating film failed closed, so heating can no longer be switched off reliably.

Recommended fixSwitch the battery off to prevent uncontrolled heating and contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Heat error.

Fault

The heating function failed.

CauseThe heating film did not warm the cells as commanded or the heating circuit reported an abnormal state - a fault in the heater or its control circuit.

Recommended fixRestart the battery. if heating still fails in cold conditions, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Over connect temp.

Fault

An internal connector temperature exceeded its limit.

CauseA loose or high-resistance internal power connection heated up under current and pushed the connector temperature above the limit.

Recommended fixSwitch off and let the battery cool, then check and re-torque the power terminal connections and cable lugs. if the code returns, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Pre charge fail.

Fault

The precharge circuit could not bring the output/bus voltage up.

CauseA short circuit or a very large capacitive load on the battery terminals, or a failed precharge resistor, prevented the bus from precharging.

Recommended fixDisconnect the DC cables and check for shorts; confirm the connected inverter is a supported type. Reconnect and restart; if precharge still fails, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Charge inverses.

Fault

Charging current was detected flowing in the wrong direction.

CauseReversed DC cable polarity or a miswired charge source pushed current through the battery in the reverse direction.

Recommended fixSwitch off immediately and verify the polarity of the DC cables between battery and inverter before reconnecting.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Over terminal temp.

Fault

A power terminal temperature exceeded its limit.

CauseLoose terminal bolts, undersized cable, or corrosion created contact resistance that heated the power terminal under load.

Recommended fixSwitch off, let the terminals cool, re-torque the connections, and check the cable sizing. if it recurs, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Fuse blown.

Fault

The battery's main fuse has opened.

CauseAn external short circuit or an extreme over-current event blew the main pack fuse.

Recommended fixTake the battery out of service and contact Deye support; the cause of the over-current must be found and cleared before the fuse is replaced.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

VOLT_OPEN_WIRE_FAIL.

Fault

An open wire was detected in the cell-voltage sampling harness.

CauseA cell-voltage sampling lead is broken or disconnected, so the BMS reads an open circuit on that channel.

Recommended fixRestart the battery. if the code persists, the sampling harness needs internal service - contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

TEMP_OPEN_WIRE_FAIL.

Fault

An open wire was detected in the temperature-sensor harness.

CauseA temperature-sensor lead is broken or disconnected, so the BMS reads an open circuit on that channel.

Recommended fixRestart the battery. if the code persists, contact Deye support.

Source:093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf· page 10019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf· page 10021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf· page 10022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf· page 10

Still seeing a code on your RW Spring Series Battery?

Send us the code on your screen and a DEYE technician will reply with the exact steps for your unit. Support is free for life — a first diagnosis never needs a callout.

Message a technician on WhatsApp Call +971542899793 or use the contact form

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Related devices

Common questions about RW Spring Series Battery error codes

What is the difference between a fault and a warning on the RW Spring Series Battery?: A fault puts the unit into protection and stops normal operation — this page lists 31 of them for the RW Spring Series Battery. The RW Spring Series Battery manual defines no separate warning table — every listed code stops operation. Resolve the cause of a fault before restarting; warnings can usually be cleared while the unit runs.
Which model numbers does this page cover?: The RW Spring Series Battery shares its firmware and fault table with 3 other model numbers: RW-L2.5A, RW-L5.1, RW-L10.2, RW-F16. If your unit is any of these, every code on this page applies to it.
Where do these codes come from?: Every entry was transcribed from 093_Deye_RW-L2.5A_User_Manual_EN_89188fb8.pdf, 019_Download_4a609b7e.pdf, 021_Download_f81ba1e7.pdf, 022_Download_88e1d97c.pdf — DEYE's official documentation. Each row cites its source manual (and page where printed), so you can verify the wording before acting on it.

Compiled from official DEYE user manuals. Always consult your device manual and a qualified technician before performing repairs.